An Analytical Study on the Design Phases of Electrical Drive Systems: Modeling, Control, and Performance Optimization

Abstract

Electrical drive systems form the interface between electrical energy conversion and mechanical actuation across industrial, vehicular, and renewable applications. Their design spans electromagnetic, power electronic, mechanical, and computational domains, where modeling assumptions, controller structure, and implementation choices interact in nontrivial ways. This study presents an analytical discussion of the principal phases involved in engineering such drives, emphasizing modeling fidelity, control synthesis, and performance optimization under practical constraints. The narrative highlights how field-oriented formulations, switching-aware power-stage representations, and thermally consistent loss models provide a coherent baseline for subsequent control and estimation design. Particular attention is given to the translation from continuous-time physics to sampled, quantized, and resource-constrained digital execution, acknowledging that small discrepancies introduced by modulation, dead time, sensor noise, and finite word length accumulate into measurable ripple, transient deviation, and lifetime stress. The exposition outlines a set of cross-compatible performance metrics that align with energy efficiency, torque quality, robustness to parameter drift, and thermal headroom. Multiobjective optimization is discussed as a unifying approach for navigating the trade space between efficiency, dynamic response, electromagnetic interference, and reliability. The presentation strives for methodological neutrality, focusing on the structure of models, the interplay of assumptions, and the conditions under which particular choices are effective. The resulting synthesis aims to assist practitioners in aligning modeling depth and computational effort with the required performance envelope and lifecycle targets without overstating novelty or prescribing a singular design pathway.